The area co-ordinate method, which is an efficient tool in the construction
of triangular elements, has been recently generalized to construct straigh
t-sided quadrilateral elements. In this paper, the differential and integra
l formulae for area co-ordinates in quadrilateral elements are presented. C
onsequently, the numerical integration method that must be used in the form
ulation of the stiffness matrix in isoparametric elements can now be discar
ded. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.