Gold electrode modification with thiolated hapten for the design of amperometric and piezoelectric immunosensors

Self-assembly of a hapten monolayer is used for the development of amperome tric and piezoelectric immunosensors. A disulfide compound carrying a termi nal pyrene group was newly synthesized for the modification of a gold surfa ce. The self-assembled organic monolayer was formed spontaneously through t he use of a disulfide head group. The resulting monolayer and its long-term stability on a gold surface were measured by cyclic voltammetry. The appli cation of the hapten monolayer to amperometric and piezoelectric immunosens ing of monoclonal antibodies and benazo[a]pyrene (BaP) was also investigate d.