Psychiatric disorders in 8-9-year-old children based on a diagnostic interview with the parents

Using three questionnaires, the Rutter Parent Questionnaire (RA2), The Rutt er Teacher Questionnaire (RB2) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI ), we screened 8-9-year-old children representing a total annual birth coho rt (N = 60007) in Finland. In a second stage we interviewed the parents of 119 screen negative, and 316 screen positive children by using a structured parent interview. At the population level the overall prevalence rate for psychiatric disturbance was 21.8%, higher among boys (29.8%) than among gir ls (12.8%). Nine percent of the children were in urgent need of treatment a nd, in addition, 25% were in need of assessment. The prevalence of differen t levels of disturbance was: reactive 9.5%; neurotic 18.4%; borderline 3.1% ; and other severe disorders 2.3%. The prevalence of different diagnostic g roups were: anxiety disorder 5.2%; depressive disorder 6.2%; specific fears 2.4%; defiant and conduct disorder 4.7%; and attention-deficit hyperactivi ty-disorder 7,1%. The prevalence for the most common single first Axis-I DS M-III-R diagnoses were: attention-deficit hyperactivity-disorder 7%; dysthy mia 4.6%; adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotion and conduct 3.4%; oppositional defiant disorder 2.7%; specific fear 1.7%; anxiety diso rder 1.5%; enuresis nocturnal 1.5%; and depression 1.4%. Only 3.1% of the c hildren had visited health professionals for psychiatric problems during th e previous three months. Only a minority of the children with psychiatric d isturbances had ever consulted health professionals for their problems. Of all the children, 7.5% had a severe psychiatric disturbance that had lasted for more than 3 years.