Partitioning variance in a physiological trait: desiccation resistance in keratin beetles (Coleoptera, Trogidae)

1. Although variation in physiological traits forms the substance of evolut ionary physiology, the way that this variation is partitioned among differe nt hierarchical levels (e.g. population, species, genus) is not well known. 2. In this study variance partitioning is examined in body size, water cont ent, lipid content, rate of water loss, maximum tolerable water loss and su rvival time at four levels (individual, population, species, genus) in sout hern African keratin beetles. 3. It is found that most variance in body size, and the physiological trait s that are strongly influenced by body size (water and lipid content, maxim um tolerable water loss, rate of water loss), is partitioned at the generic level (50-70%), then at the species level (20-50%) and finally at the popu lation (1-9%) and individual (2-18%) levels. 4. On the other hand, variance in survival time, and variance in rate of ma ximum water loss once the effects of body size have been taken into account , are partitioned mostly at the species level (40-70%), whereas maximum tol erable water loss and lipid and water content show greatest variance at the individual level (63-75%). This is largely a consequence of differences in the extent of scaling of these traits. 5. The results suggest that where possible the effects of phylogeny should be controlled for when examining desiccation resistance in insects using co mparative methods, but that confidence in conclusions from previous studies , which have used mass-specific data, is not unwarranted.