A multichannel continuously selectable multifrequency electrical impedancespectroscopy measurement system

There is increasing evidence that alterations in the electrical property sp ectrum of tissues below 10 MHz is diagnostic for tissue pathology and/or pa thophysiology. Yet, the complexity associated with constructing a high-fide lity multichannel, multifrequency data acquisition instrument has Limited w idespread development of spectroscopic electrical impedance imaging concept s. To contribute to the relatively sparse experience with multichannel spec troscopy systems this paper reports on the design, realization and evaluati on of a prototype 32-channel instrument. The salient features of the system include a continuously selectable driving frequency up to 1 MHz, either vo ltage or current source modes of operation and simultaneous measurement of both voltage and current on each channel in either of these driving configu rations. Comparisons of performance with recently reported fixed-frequency systems is favorable. Volts dc (VDC) signal-to-noise ratios of 75-80 dB are achieved and the noise floor for ac signals is near 100 dB below the signa l strength of interest at 10 kHz and 60 dB down at 1 MHz. The added benefit of being able to record multispectral information on source and sense sign al amplitudes and phases has also been realized. Phase-sensitive detection schemes and multiperiod undersampling techniques have been deployed to ensu re measurement fidelity over the full bandwidth of system operation.