Simultaneous stretch forming and deep drawing in axisymmetrical sheet forming

From the product point of view, the onset of a visible neck during sheet me tal forming sets the limit to which a blank material can be formed. In any forming process, the blank material is subjected to deformations that are m ixtures of typical stretch forming and typical deep drawing, interlaced in an intricated manner with the progression of forming. Through varying formi ng parameters such as blank size, tool profile and blank-holding force, thi s paper explores the complex relationship between the mixture and the overa ll formability of sheet metal. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights re served.