The influence of patient age on primary care resident physician-patient interaction

OBJECTIVES: To explore resident physician-patient interaction in primary ca re to address issues relevant to quality of care for older people. DESIGN: A sample of 509 new, adult, nonpregnant patients was assigned to the care o f second- and third-year residents in primary care clinics. Care was compar ed for three subgroups of patients: older patients (65 years or older; n = 45), those aged 18 to 44 years (n = 320), and those aged 45 to 64 years (n = 144). SETTING: Observations were made at the family medicine and general internal medicine clinics at the University of California, Davis. MEASUREMENTS: Self-report by means of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form -36 (MOS SF-36) was used to determine patient demographics and patient heal th status. Two measures of satisfaction were obtained gauging reaction to m edical care in general and to the videotaped visit specifically. Videotapes were coded for content using the Davis Observation Code. RESULTS: Self-reported health status of older persons was poorer than that of younger groups as measured by the MOS SF-36. Differences in demographics were explored and then controlled, along with physical health status in su bsequent analyses. Supporting prior studies, this study found that older pa tients had more return visits and reported higher levels of satisfaction th an did younger comparison groups. Contrary to prior literature, older patie nts were found to have longer visits than did younger cohorts. The physicia n-patient interaction was significantly different in many areas between the se three groups. Whereas older patients experienced more chatting in their visits, they were given less counseling, asked fewer questions, had less di scussion about their families and their use of substances, were asked to ch ange their health behavior habits less often, and were given less health ed ucation. For older patients, more of each visit was spent checking on compl iance with earlier treatment and developing treatment plans. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a new and more detailed view of how resi dent physician-patient interaction differs between older and younger groups and raise important issues on whether quality of care needs for this popul ation are being adequately addressed, particularly regarding mental health issues.