Thyroid nodules sometimes cause diagnostic confusion that can lead to unnec
essary surgical intervention. Fortunately, about 95% of thyroid nodules are
benign, but how do you decide when to simply watch and when to refer for p
ossible surgery? In this article, Drs Castro and Gharib discuss the epidemi
ology, evaluation, and treatment of various types of thyroid nodules and ou
tline the appropriate diagnostic steps.