W. Lilli et al., Restoring identity after a threat to personal self. A test of brewer's optimal distinctiveness theory, Z SOZIALPSY, 30(4), 1999, pp. 255-258
A study with 128 subjects showed that the need for belongingness activated
by a threat to the personal self is satisfied by social groups, as Brewer a
ssumes, but not by categories. Moreover, a positive correlation between nee
d satisfaction and self-esteem balance points to a reduction of the induced
identity imbalance.