This address considers the role of culture in economic history. It arg
ues that Anglo-Saxon culture was an important factor determining where
and when industrialization began and spread. The contrast between Ang
lo-Saxon individualism and Japan's more collective culture also is imp
ortant in understanding the differences between Japanese and American
industrial practices today. I predict that Japan's collective culture
may give it an economic edge in the coming years despite its current d
ifficulties. And I advocate greater attention to culture by both econo
mists and historians in the practice of economic history.