The dynamic behavior of parachute systems is an extremely complex phenomeno
n characterized by nonlinear, time-dependent coupling between the parachute
and surrounding airflow, large shape changes in the parachute, and three-d
imensional unconstrained motion of the parachute through the fluid medium.
Because of these complexities, the design of parachutes has traditionally b
een performed using a semiempirical approach. This approach to design is ti
me consuming and expensive. The ability to perform computer simulations of
parachute dynamics would significantly improve the design process and ultim
ately reduce the cost of parachute system development. The finite element f
ormulation for a structural model capable of simulating parachute dynamics
is presented. Explicit expressions are given for structural mass and stiffn
ess matrices and internal and external force vectors. Algorithms for soluti
on of the nonlinear dynamic response are also given. The capabilities of th
e structural model are demonstrated by three example problems. In these exa
mples, the effect of the surrounding airflow is approximated by prescribing
the canopy pressure and by applying cable and payload drag forces on the s
tructural model. The examples demonstrate the ability to simulate three-dim
ensional unconstrained dynamics beginning with an unstressed folded configu
ration corresponding to the parachute cut pattern. The examples include sim
ulations of the inflation, terminal descent, and control phases.