Gesture does not have a fixed position in the Dienes & Perner framework. It
s status depends on the way knowledge is expressed. Knowledge reflected in
gesture can be fully implicit (neither factuality nor predication is explic
it) if the goal is simply to move a pointing hand to a target. Knowledge re
flected in gesture can be explicit (both factuality and predication are exp
licit) if the goal is to indicate an object. However, gesture is not restri
cted to these two extreme positions. When gestures are unconscious accompan
iments to speech and represent information that is distinct from speech, th
e knowledge they convey is factuality-implicit but predication-explicit.