Carbon dioxide uptake efficiency by outdoor microalgal cultures in tubularairlift photobioreactors

The influence of solar irradiance and carbon dioxide molar fraction of inje cted CO2-air mixtures on the behavior of outdoor continuous cultures of the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum in tubular airlift photobioreactors wa s analyzed. Instantaneous solar irradiance, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperatu re, biomass concentration, and the mass flow rates of both the inlet and ou tlet oxygen and carbon with both the liquid and gas phases were measured. I n addition, elemental analysis of the biomass and the cell-free culture med ium was performed. The oxygen production rate and carbon dioxide consumptio n rate increased hyperbolically with the incident solar irradiance on the r eactor surface. Carbon losses showed a negative correlation with the daily variation of the carbon dioxide consumption rate. The maximum CO2 uptake ef ficiency was 63% of the CO2 supplied when the CO2 concentration in the gas supplied was 60% v/v. Carbon losses were >100% during the night, due to CO2 production by respiration, and hyperbolically decreased to values of 10% t o 20% in the midday hours. An increase in the carbon fixed in the biomass w ith the solar cycle was observed. A slight daily decrease of carbon content of the cell-free culture medium indicated the existence of carbon accumula tion in the culture. A decrease in CO2 molar fraction in the injected gas h ad a double benefit: first, the biomass productivity of the system was enha nced from 2.05 to 2.47 g L-1 day(-1) by reduction of CO2 inhibition and/or pH gradients; and second, the carbon losses during the daylight period were reduced by 60%. The fluid dynamics in the reactor also influenced the carb on losses: the higher the liquid flow rate the higher the carbon losses. By using a previous mass transfer model the experimental results were simulat ed and the usefulness of this method in the evaluation and scale-up of tubu lar photobioreactors was established. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.