To develop a simple method to determine the degree of substitution (dS) for
starch ester, we prepared starch acetate with various dS values (0-3) and
examined the mode of starch-iodine complex formation for the starch acetate
by monitoring the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra and their Fourier-t
ransform infrared (FT-IR) spectral changes. The effect of acetylation on th
e formation of the starch-iodine complex was investigated by monitoring the
decrease in absorbance at 680 nm (blue value). The blue value decreased by
increasing the standard dS value determined by NMR for starch acetate, but
two different correlations between the blue values and the dS values were
observed for the low- and highly-substituted starch acetate. The FT-IR spec
tra for starch acetate particles were measured using a diffuse reflection m
ethod. The peak areas and absorbances of the bands assigned to the acetyl g
roup showed a poor correlation with standard dS values from the NMR. On the
other hand, the FT-IR peaks assigned to sodium acetate produced by saponif
ication of the starch acetate could be detected using the ATR (attenuated t
otal reflection) method; they showed a good correlation with the standard d
S values from the NMR. From these results, it was concluded that the ATR me
thod should be available for the dS determination of starch acetate.