In plant-insect interaction experiments, a clip cage is frequently used to
isolate insects or other small pests on a leaf. Clip rage effects on the ph
ysiology of the leaf could possibly confound experimental results, Our obje
ctive was to quantitate the effects of an insect clip rage of the type typi
cally used for small pests such as whiteflies (Bemisia sp,), aphids (Aphis
sp,) and mites (Urticae sp.) on the photosynthetic traits of cotton (Gossyp
ium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 100A-glandless) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo L, cv
, imperial 45) lea, es. Clip cages that enclosed 11.3 cm(2) of both the aba
xial and adaxial sides of a leaf were attached to young fully expanded leav
es. For the leaf tissue within the clip rage, incident radiation was decrea
sed and leaf temperature was increased. After 24 h, chlorophyll content of
tissue within the clip cage was significantly increased compared with nonca
ged-control samples taken from the opposite half of the same leaf. Three da
ys after clip cages were attached to leaves, compared with controls, the ti
ssue within the cage had a lower light-saturated, steady-state CO2 exchange
rate (CER) and leaf soluble protein content. The cage effect on CER and so
luble protein could be explained, at least in part, by decreased light-satu
rated initial Rubisco activity for leaf tissue within the clip cage. We con
clude that the clip rages caused physiological and biochemical alterations
of leaves that could alter insect nutrition. Thus, it is suggested that cli
p cage effects on leaf physiology and microenvironment must be considered w
hen interpreting results of plant-insect interaction experiments.