"Cyclamen red" colors based on a macrocyclic anthocyanin in carnation flowers

The "cyclamen" red (or pink) colors in carnation flowers-cultivars Red Rox and eight others-are based on the presence of a new macrocyclic anthocyanin , pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-beta-glucoside(6",6"'-malyl diester) identified by spectroscopic methods. The instability of the bridging malyl group with sug ars in acidic medium readily causes the formation of the opened ring form, 3-O-(6"-O-malylglucoside)-5-O-glucoside. The issue of cyclamen colors based in carnations on this original acylated pelargonidin derivative simulating those based on simpler cyanidin glycosides in Rosa cultivars is discussed using CIELAB colorimetric coordinates.