The effects of time pressure on arithmetic performance

It has recently been demonstrated that highly math-anxious individuals may be less proficient on arithmetic tasks, particularly those that involve com plex problems. The processing efficiency theory postulates that in highly a nxious individuals, working memory resources are consumed by "worry," there by leaving fewer resources available for task completion. Although there is some empirical support for this theory, the precise nature of this worry h as yet to be identified. We tested the hypothesis that time pressure may be one component contributing to worry, and subsequent performance deficits c haracteristic of high math-anxious individuals. Thirty participants complet ed arithmetic problems of varying complexity in both a timed and untimed co ndition. Although the timing manipulation negatively affected arithmetic pe rformance in both high and low anxious participants, anxiety groups were no t differentially affected. Researchers may therefore have to look to other variables to explain the nature of worrisome thoughts that are theorized to disrupt the performance of anxious individuals. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.