N. Itoh et al., CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE PLASMONS TO THE ENERGY DENSITY AND PRESSURE IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE, The Astrophysical journal, 482(1), 1997, pp. 33-40
The contributions of the plasmons to the energy density and pressure o
f the cosmic fluid in the early universe are calculated. It is found t
hat the transverse and longitudinal plasmons make contributions to the
energy density and pressure which amount to similar to 0.1% of the co
ntributions of the ordinary photons. The present finding is expected n
ot to influence the primordial nucleosynthesis in a drastic way. Never
theless, the present investigation consolidates the conventional treat
ment of the photons in the early universe that assumes the smallness o
f the plasma effects.