Effects of d-amphetamine and haloperidol on latent inhibition in healthy male volunteers

Latent inhibition (LI) refers to a retardation of learning about the conseq uences of a stimulus when that stimulus has been passively presented a numb er of times without reinforcement. Acute positive-symptom schizophrenics, n ormal volunteers who score high on questionnaire measures of schizotypy and non-patients or animals treated with dopamine agonists show reduced LI. Ne uroleptic drugs, such as haloperidol, administered at low doses, potentiate LI and effectively reverse disruption of LI induced by dopamine agonists i n animals. However, a high dose of haloperidol, administered on its own, ha s been found to reduce LI. We examined the effects on LI of acute oral admi nistration of an indirect dopamine-agonist, d-amphetamine (5 mg), and a non selective dopamine receptor antagonist, haloperidol (5 mg), in normal male volunteers, using an associative learning task. Replicating previous report s, we found that d-amphetamine reduced LI; haloperidol also reduced LI, but only in subjects who scored low on the Psychoticism. scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. In a subsequent study no effect was found of 2 m g oral haloperidol administration on LI. The effect of 5 mg haloperidol on LI is interpreted as similar to that observed with a high dose of haloperid ol in rats.