Efficacy of the "baby-sitter" procedure after prolonged denervation

This study was undertaken to evaluate whether 40 percent of the hypoglossal nerve, which showed optimal efficacy in restoring orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) function after different percentages of partial neurectomy in a prev ious study, would be effective after prolonged denervation time. Twenty Spr ague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In first-stage surgery, the left facial nerve of all animals was transected at the level of the stylom astoid foramen and main zygomatic branch. Group A (controls) consisted of a nimals with only left facial nerves transected (no repair). In Groups B, C, and D, the facial nerve was transected and the facial musculature was dene rvated for a period of 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. During a second-st age procedure, a 40 percent neurectomy was performed on the hypoglossal ner ve. Subsequently, a nerve transfer was performed by coaptations of a saphen ous nerve graft to the neurectomized hypoglossal nerve and the main zygomat ic branch of the facial nerve that innervated the OOM. Behavioral analysis of blink reflex, electrophysiology, and axon and motor end-plate counts in Groups B, C, and D showed superior results, compared to Group A. There was no statistically significant difference observed among Groups B, C, and D ( p > 0.05). Despite the diminished number of axons in the zygomatic branch a nd motor end-plates in the orbicularis oculi muscle after 12 weeks of dener vation, there was still sufficient muscle target recovery to effect some ey e closure in all groups except the controls. This study demonstrated in thi s model that the 40 percent partial neurectomy of the XII to VII component of the "baby-sitter" procedure was effective even after prolonged denervati on.