In mammalian tissues, the phosphorylation of intracellular glucose to gluco
se-6-phosphate (Glu-6-P) is facilitated by four distinct hexokinase (HK) is
oenzymes, designated as HKI-IV. Because of the role of HKII as a leading gl
ycolytic enzyme in insulin-sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle, heart
, and adipose tissue, defects in HKII function could contribute to the deve
lopment of insulin resistance and perhaps Type 2 diabetes. As a first step
towards elucidation of the physiological role of HKII in insulin resistance
and type 2 diabetes using mouse knock-out models, we determined the genomi
c structure, sequence of the cDNA and of 4.8 kb of the 5' regulatory region
, and tissue-specific expression of the mouse HKII gene. The gene comprises
18 exons that span approximately 50 kb of DNA. Nucleotide sequence of the
proximal promoter revealed a number of conserved putative transcription fac
tor binding motifs. We also found numerous repeat elements throughout the m
ouse HKII gene. The mouse HKII cDNA is approximately 5.5 kb in length and c
ontains an open reading frome of 2751 bp encoding a protein of 917 amino ac
ids. The mouse HKII gene is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, hea
rt, and adipose tissue. The transcription initiation and polyadenylation si
tes for the mouse HKII mRNA were similar to those of the rat and human gene
s.