Purpose: Varieties of symptoms are supposed to detect overtraining (OT). Be
sides the problems of diagnosis and analysis in elite athletes, a daily mon
itoring of training status takes place with measurement of the parameters s
erum urea (SU) and serum creatine kinase (CK); therefore, their meaningfuln
ess will be examined, with special respect inter- and intra-individually. M
ethods: Data were obtained from determinations during training from athlete
s in rowing and athletes of international level. Results: For 6981 SU deter
minations (male, N = 717; female, N = 285), a slightly asymmetric normal di
stribution was found (male, 80%, 5-7 mmol.L-1; female, 75%, 4-6 mmol.L-1).
Values for women were approximately 1.5 mmol.L-1 lower. Individual variabil
ity was enormous: there seems little point in setting fixed value as 8.3 mm
ol.L-1 for men and 7.0 mmol.L-1 for women as a critical limit for OT. CK ha
s also been measured and evaluated in sports as an essential parameter for
determination of muscular stress. Frequency distributions of CK in 2790 sam
ples (male, N = 497; female, N = 350) presented an asymmetric normal distri
bution with distinct trend toward higher values being evident for the range
between 100 and 250 U.L-1. Conspicuously elevated values occurred in the r
anges 250-350 U.L-1 and 1000-2000 U.L-1. Men's maximal values were 3000 U.L
-1 and 1150 U.L-1 for women. Individual variability was enormous. Athletes
with chronically low CK exhibited mainly low variability; those with chroni
cally higher values exhibited considerable variability. Conclusions: Establ
ishment of both parameters should be useful to determine individual baselin
es from a large number of samples. Determinations should be made at least e
very 3 d in standardized conditions. If a large increase is observed in com
bination with reduced exercise tolerance after a phase of exertion (2-4 d),
then the possibility of a catabolic/metabolic activity or insufficient exe
rcise tolerance becomes much more likely.