The chemical development of the commercial route to sildenafil: A case history

This paper is a case history of the chemical development of sildenafil whic h covers various aspects of work in chemical development namely: route sele ction, scale-up issues, the development of an efficient synthesis with high throughput, process-safety, and environmental issues. Interesting chemical points include improved methods of preparing pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines an d the unusual isolation of an intermediate as its double salt (10). The pot ential dangers of nitrating pyrazole-5-carboxylic acids which are activated to a decarboxylation reaction are discussed.