Objective: To offer cost estimates of urinary incontinence (UI) in the gene
ral population based on prospectively collected data.
Design: We analysed individual costs in a sample of women with UI who were
identified in the framework of a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of
UI in women aged >40 years.
Setting: Six areas in Italy. Intervention: Home interview.
Patients and participants: Women were identified among the patients registe
red with a network of general practitioners operating in each area using co
mputer-generated random number lists.
Results: A total of 2767 women were identified. Of these, 408 (14.7%) repor
ted UI during the year before the interview and 229 underwent a detailed in
terview on UI-related costs. On the basis of this information, we estimated
the direct costs associated with UI from the perspective of the Italian Na
tional Health Service (INHS). The lifetime cost per patient of diagnosis wa
s 80 131 Italian lire (L) (exchange rate: $US 1 = L1618). Consultations acc
ounted for only 20% of the diagnostic cost, diagnostic tests for 36% and ho
spital admissions for diagnostic procedures accounted for 44%. The diagnosi
s cost estimate seems low, partly because several women did not request eit
her consultations or diagnostic tests (the overall rate per patient was 0.7
6 for consultations and 0.39 for diagnostic tests). The only appreciable tr
eatment cost, according to the INHS perspective, was for diapers. The annua
l cost per patient for diapers was L255 519. The prevalence of UI in women
aged >40 years in Italy is estimated in the study at 9.3%. Thus, combining
this information with the cost estimates, the annual treatment cost of UI i
n Italian women aged >40 years is L351 800 billion, considering diapers and
drugs only.
Conclusion: This study has estimated the individual cost of UI in the gener
al population. These figures may be useful when designing economic evaluati
ons of UI.