We analysed the clinical course of 30 adult patients with Klebsiella pneumo
niae meningitis, 18 community-acquired and 12 hospital-acquired, to assess
whether the timing of appropriate antimicrobial therapy had a major effect
on prognosis. Of the 30 patients, 29 received appropriate antibiotics. The
time from initial symptoms to the start of appropriate therapy, antibiotic
resistance of K. pneumoniae isolates, underlying disease severity, diabetes
mellitus, age, gender,and acquisition settings were all not significantly
correlated with outcome. However, a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of 7 poi
nts or less at the start of appropriate antimicrobial therapy was a valid p
redictor of death or a permanent vegetative state (sensitivity 82%, specifi
city 93%, p=0.005), even after adjusting for the effect of confounding vari
ables by logistic regression. Timing of appropriate antimicrobial therapy,
as defined by consciousness level but not by symptom duration, is a major d
eterminant of survival and neurological outcome for patients with K. pneumo
niae meningitis, and the first dose of an appropriate antibiotic should be
administrated before their consciousness deteriorates to a GCS score of 7 p
oints or less.