Transurethral radiofrequency therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia using a novel saline-liquid conductor: The virtual electrode

Radiofrequency (RF) energy has been introduced as a promising energy source for treatment of benign and malignant tumors in animal models, as well as in humans.(1-3) In urology, minimally invasive heat-based treatment options , including microwave and RF energy, have been used to treat benign prostat ic hyperplasia (BPH) with much enthusiasm. The clinical utility of microwav e-based treatments has been reviewed elsewhere.(4) This update focusses on the physics, applicability, and advantages of a novel saline-liquid conduct or electrode for delivery of heat-based therapy to prostatic tissue. In con trast with other heat-based treatment modalities, such as microwave (dielec tric beating) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (mechanical distortion) , RF energy generates interstitial heat by inducing translational molecular motion.