Recumbent new world camelids: General diagnostics and types of recumbency

Because New World camelids (NWCs) are often recumbent on presentation, prac titioners should be familiar with the common causes and complications of re cumbency. This article classifies recumbency as intermittent, preferred, or constant. Recumbent NWCs that are not treated appropriately may deteriorat e to a state of constant recumbency or death. Affected animals may be suffe ring from gastrointestinal, respiratory, metabolic, neurologic, musculoskel etal, or septic disease or a combination thereof. General diagnostics for r ecumbent llamas and causes of the various types of recumbency are discussed .