Inhibition of germ tube formation by Candida albicans by local anesthetics: An effect related to ionic channel blockade

Formation of germ tubes by Candida albicans has been assumed as a putative virulence factor. Local anesthetics (LAs), e.g., lidocaine and bupivacaine, are known to inhibit germ tube formation. The study confirmed this observa tion for the novel drug ropivacaine, although it was less potent than the f ormer two drugs. Hypothesizing that the effect is due to blockading ionic c hannels, we exposed Candida albicans to selective calcium blockers, i.e., n ifedipine and verapamil, and to a general blocker of ionic channels, i.e., lanthanum. All blockers inhibited germ tube formation. The effect was dose- dependent and pH-independent. Addition of calcium reverted the effect of th e blockers as well as the effect of lidocaine and ropivacaine. The study su ggests that the inhibitory effect of LAs on germ tube formation by C, albic ans is due to blockade of ionic channels, particularly calcium channels. Th erefore, LAs can affect morphology and probably also the pathogenesis of C. albicans.