We used normalized size spectra analysis (originally developed in the study
of pelagic communities) and a fish bioenergetics model to examine whether
predation by fishes affects the size structure of macrobenthos, We conducte
d the study over five years in three north temperate lakes in which fish we
re experimentally manipulated while allowing for natural recruitment and mo
rtality in lakes with fish. The resulting variation in predator populations
allowed us to address how prey community size structure responds to a grad
ient of predation pressure. The slopes of normalized size spectra were used
to characterize whether community biomass is relatively distributed as sma
ller or larger individuals with regard to mass. We ask whether predator eff
ects on prey are manifested through fish presence/absence or if a gradient
of predation pressure is important. Tn addition, we examined whether consum
ption rate of prey by fish is a better measure of predation effects on prey
size structure than fish biomass alone.
Our results suggest that benthos size structure responds to a gradient of f
ish consumption, rather than a qualitative distinction of fish presence or
absence. Consumption rates by fish on benthos explained more of the variati
on in slopes of normalized size spectra of benthos than fish biomass alone.
Slope values were more variable at lower consumption rates, which included
no predation by fish. Conversely, high consumption rates by fish produced
consistent, predictable body size distributions of benthos in which large i
ndividuals were relatively underrepresented. However, these results may not
be apparent through more traditional analyses based on predator or prey pr
esence/absence, abundance, or taxonomic based measures. Generalizations add
ressing patterns of body size distributions within and among ecosystems may
be advanced by examining predation and other underlying size structuring m
echanisms.