Role of endonucleases in renal tubular epithelial cell injury

The study of cell death has emerged as an important and exciting area of re search in cell biology; Although two kinds of cell death, apoptosis and nec rosis, are recognized, one of the major advances in our understanding of ce ll death has been the recognition that the pathways traditionally associate d with apoptosis may be very critical in the form of cell injury associated with necrosis. Renal tubular epithelial cell injury from ischemia or toxin s has generally been regarded as a result of a necrotic form of cell death, We briefly describe recent evidence indicating apoptotic mechanisms includ ing endonuclease activation in renal tubular injury and some mediators (oxi dants, caspases and ceramide) which regulate this process, The pathway that is followed by the cell is dependent on both the nature and severity of in sults, and it is likely that the cascades that lead to the apoptotic or nec rotic mode of cell death are activated almost simultaneously and may share some common pathways. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.