The use of an identified quantitative trait locus (QTL) in selection requir
es the integration of breeding values (BV) for the known QTL with estimates
of polygenic BV. For a QTL with two alleles, BV for the QTL are traditiona
lly based on the allele substitution effect, alpha = a + d(q - p), where a
and d are additive and dominance effects, and p and q are gene frequencies
in the current generation. It is: shown here that to maximize single genera
tion response, BV for a QTL with dominance must be derived based on gene fr
equencies among selected mates rather than frequencies in the current (unse
lected) generation. Because selection affects gene frequencies that in turn
affect optimal BV for the QTL, gene substitution effects must be derived n
umerically. Response from selection on optimized versus standard BV for the
QTL was evaluated for a range of parameters. Benefits of optimal selection
were greatest for intermediate gene frequency and increased with a magnitu
de of additive and dominance effects up to 9 %. Extra response was negligib
le for gene frequencies less than 0.05 or greater than 0.85. In conclusion,
strategies for marker-assisted selection that aim to maximize short-term r
esponse must account for the effects of dominance and changes in gene frequ
ency at the QTL on performance of future progeny. (C) Inra/Elsevier, Paris.