Shell topology optimization using the layered artificial material model

A general methodology for topology optimization using the finite element me thod is described for shell structures. Four- and nine-node Reissner-Mindli n shell elements with drilling degrees of freedom are used for the finite e lement response analysis. The artificial material model is used in the topo logy optimization and in particular, an isotropic multi-layer shell model i s introduced to allow the formation of holes or stiffening zones. In additi on, a single design variable resizing algorithm is implemented based on the existing criterion which is found to be adequate for the artificial materi al model. Several benchmark tests are presented to show the overall perform ance of the proposed methodology. The strain energy variation together with the variation of the layout of the structure is monitored. Some detailed e xamples are provided with comparisons of the use of the four- and nine-node elements and studies of critical solution parameters. Copyright (C) 2000 J ohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd.