Facilitating LOFT debriefings: Instructor techniques and crew participation

This study analyzes techniques instructor pilots (IPs) use to facilitate cr ew analysis and evaluation of line-oriented flight training performance. We analyzed IP facilitation and crew participation for 36 debriefing sessions conducted at 5 U.S. airlines. For this analysis we developed a rating inst rument termed the Debriefing Assessment Battery and demonstrated that it ca n be used reliably. IF facilitation skill varied dramatically, suggesting a need for concrete hands-on training in facilitation techniques. All measur es of crew participation correlated significantly with IF effectiveness in facilitation. Crews responded to IF guidance but did not lead their own deb riefings. We suggest ways to improve debriefing effectiveness.