This study examines the relation between stock market volatility and the de
mand for hedging in S&P 500 stock index futures contracts. Open interest is
used as a proxy for hedging demand, The analysis employs unique data that
identify separately the open interest of large hedgers, large speculators,
and smaller traders. Volatility estimates are decomposed into expected and
unexpected components, to assess whether traders' reactions to volatility d
epend upon its predictability.