Ultrasound diagnostics of the extracranial brain-supplying arteries

Doppler sonography is an essential diagnostic tool in the assessment of cer ebrovascular diseases. Reliable usage of ultrasonics in the investigation o f extracranial brain supplying arteries requires sufficient knowledge of di fferent sonographical methods and clinical applications. This review summar ises the basic principles, most important parameters and diagnostic yields of cw-Doppler sonography, conventional and colour-coded duplex sonography. Examination techniques, artefacts and recent developments (ultrasound contr ast agents, Power-mode) are discussed. Therapeutical challenges of ultrason ic investigation are described.