Low manganese-carbon steels were implanted with yttrium using the ion impla
ntation method. Compositional and structural analyses were carried out befo
re and after yttrium implantation by several techniques such as Rutherford
backscattering spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection h
igh energy electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and glancing angle X-ray
diffraction to observe the yttrium implantation effect on low manganese-ca
rbon steel. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.