Recent advances with recombinant bacterial vaccine vectors

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonellae and Shig ellae have shown promise as vaccine vectors in experimental animal models, Although disappointing results in humans and nonhuman primates stalled the development of this vaccination strategy, interest in this approach was rei nvigorated recently by the development of bacterial DNA-vaccine-vectors. Th e purpose of this review is to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of ba cterial vaccine vectors, and to discuss the future prospects of these vacci ne delivery systems.