The neuroimaging evidence for chronic brain damage due to boxing

A number of imaging techniques have been used to investigate changes produc ed in the brain by boxing. Most morphological studies have failed to show s ignificant correlations between putative abnormalities on imaging and clini cal evidence of brain damage. Fenestration of the septum pellucidum, with f ormation of a cavum, one of the most frequent observations, does not appear to correlate with neurological or physiological evidence of brain damage. Serial studies on large groups may be more informative. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cerebral blood flow studies have been reported in only sma ll numbers of boxers; serial studies are not available to date.