Alternative pre-mRNA splicing of two terminal exons (alpha and beta ) regul
ates the expression of the human DNA ligase III gene. In most tissues, the
a exon is expressed. In testes and during spermatogenesis, the beta exon is
used instead. The alpha exon encodes the interaction domain with a scaffol
d DNA repair protein, XRCC1,while the beta exon-encoded C-terminal does not
. Sequence elements regulating the alternative splicing pattern were mapped
by in vitro splicing assays in HeLa nuclear extracts. Deletion of a region
beginning in the beta exon and extending into the downstream intron derepr
essed splicing to the beta exon, Two silencing elements were found within t
his 101 nt region: a 16 nt exonic splicing silencer immediately upstream of
the beta exon polyadenylation signal and a 45 nt intronic splicing silence
r, The exonic splicing silencer inhibited splicing, even when the polyadeny
lation signal was deleted or replaced by a 5' splice site, This element als
o enhanced polyadenylation under conditions unfavourable to splicing, The s
plicing silencer partially inhibited assembly of spliceosomal complexes and
functioned in an adenoviral pre-mRNA context. Silencing of splicing by the
element was associated with cross-linking of a 37 kDa protein to the RNA s
ubstrate. The element exerts opposite functions in splicing and polyadenyla
tion.