H. Wack et al., Nucleophilic metal complexes as acylation catalysts: Solvent-dependent "switch" mechanisms leading to the first catalyzed Staudinger reaction, ORG LETT, 1(12), 1999, pp. 1985-1988
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Catalytic acylation using complex transition metal salts MCo(CO)(4) is demo
nstrated. Surprisingly, a solvent-dependent mechanistic "switch" results in
a Lewis acid-based acylation mechanism in nonpolar media and a nucleophili
c mechanism in polar organic media, These observations lead to the first ex
ample of a catalyzed Staudinger reaction to form beta-lactams.