Hm. Zimmermann et al., Chemical composition of apoplastic transport barriers in relation to radial hydraulic conductivity of corn roots (Zea mays L.), PLANTA, 210(2), 2000, pp. 302-311
The hydraulic conductivity of roots (Lp(r)) of 6- to 8-d-old maize seedling
s has been related to the chemical composition of apoplastic transport barr
iers in the endodermis and hypodermis (exodermis), and to the hydraulic con
ductivity of root cortical cells. Roots were cultivated in two different wa
ys. When grown in aeroponic culture, they developed an exodermis (Casparian
band in the hypodermal layer), which was missing in roots from hydroponics
. The development of Casparian bands and suberin lamellae was observed by s
taining with berberin-aniline-blue and Sudan-III. The compositions of suber
in and lignin were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively after depolyme
rization (BF3/methanol-transesterification. thioacidolysis) using gas chrom
atography/mass spectrometry. Root Lp(r) was measured using the root pressur
e probe. and the hydraulic conductivity of cortical cells (Lp) using the ce
ll pressure probe. Roots from the two cultivation methods differed signific
antly in (i) the Lp(r) evaluated from hydrostatic relaxations (factor of 1.
5), and (ii) the amounts of lignin and aliphatic suberin in the hypodermal
layer of the apical root zone. Aliphatic suberin is thought to be the major
reason for the hydrophobic properties of apoplastic barriers and for their
relatively low permeability to water. No differences were found in the amo
unts of suberin in the hypodermal layers of basal root zones and in the end
odermal laver. In order to verify that changes in root Lp(r) were not cause
d by changes in hydraulic conductivity at the membrane level, cell Lp was m
easured as well. No differences were found in the Lp values of cells from r
oots cultivated by the two different methods. It was concluded that changes
in the hydraulic conductivity of the apoplastic rather than of the cell-to
-cell path were causing the observed changes in root Lp(r).