Systems of ordinary differential equations having a finite symmetry group a
re considered. One-parameter local bifurcations of symmetric equilibria cor
responding to a double pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues are studied.
It is shown that in one case a two-dimensional torus is generated from the
equilibrium. The torus contains limit cycles; their number does not depend
on the values of the parameter. The trajectories of the system that do not
leave a certain fixed domain may only tend to the equilibrium under study o
r to the 2-dimensional torus or to one of two (disjoint) limit cycles.
In all the other cases an invariant surface is generated from the equilibri
um which is diffeomorphic to the three-dimensional sphere. The behaviour of
the trajectories on this surface depends on the symmetry group and is not
studied in this paper.
In the appendix we provide information on codimension 1 bifurcations corres
ponding to double zero eigenvalues.