Rough sets: A knowledge discovery technique for multifactorial medical outcomes

Rough sets is a fairly new and promising technique for data mining and know ledge discovery from databases. This tutorial article presents the fundamen tals of rough set theory in a nontechnical manner and outlines how the tech nique can be used to extract minimal if-then rules from tables of empirical data that either fully or approximately describe given example classificat ions. An example application for prediction of ambulation for patients with spinal cord injury is given. Because such rules are readily interpretable, they can be inspected to yield possible new insight into how various contr ibuting factors interact and, thus, serve as hypothesis generators for furt her research. Additionally, the set of mined rules may function as a classi fier of new, unseen cases.