Agonist-induced phosphorylation of the angiotensin II (AT(1A)) receptor requires generation of a conformation that is distinct from the inositol phosphate-signaling state
Wg. Thomas et al., Agonist-induced phosphorylation of the angiotensin II (AT(1A)) receptor requires generation of a conformation that is distinct from the inositol phosphate-signaling state, J BIOL CHEM, 275(4), 2000, pp. 2893-2900
G protein coupled receptors are thought to isomerize between distinct inact
ive and active conformations, an idea supported by receptor mutations that
induce constitutive (agonist-independent) activation. The agonist-promoted
active state initiates signaling and, presumably, is then phosphorylated an
d internalized to terminate the signal. In this study, we examined the phos
phorylation and internalization of wild type and constitutively active muta
nts (N111A and N111G) of the type 1 (AT(1A)) angiotensin II receptor. Cells
expressing these receptors were stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang-II) an
d [Sar(1),Ile(4),Ile(8)]AngII, an analog that only activates signaling thro
ugh the constitutive receptors, Wild type AT(1A) receptors displayed a basa
l level of phosphorylation, which was stimulated by AngII, Unexpectedly, th
e constitutively active AT(1A) receptors did not exhibit an increase in bas
al phosphorylation nor was phosphorylation enhanced by AngII stimulation. P
hosphorylation of the constitutively active receptors was unaffected by pre
treatment with the non-peptide AT(1A) receptor inverse agonist, EXP3174, an
d was not stimulated by the selective ligand, [Sar(1),Ile(4),Ile(8)]AngII.
Paradoxically, [Sar(1),Ile(4),Ile(8)]AngII produced a robust (similar to 85
% of AngII), dose-dependent phosphorylation of the wild type AT(1A) recepto
r at sites in the carboxyl terminus similar to those phosphorylated by AngI
I, Moreover, internalization of both wild type and constitutive receptors w
as induced by AngII, but not [Sar(1),Ile(4),Ile(8)]AngII, providing a diffe
rentiation between the phosphorylated and internalized states. These data s
uggest that the AT(1A) receptor can attain a conformation for phosphorylati
on without going through the conformation required for inositol phosphate s
ignaling and provide evidence for a transition of the receptor through mult
iple states, each associated with separate stages of receptor activation an
d regulation. Separate transition states may be a common paradigm for G pro
tein-coupled receptors.