On the status of an implicit arguments in middles

Massam (1992), challenging the view that the presence of an implicit argume nt is essential to middles, argues that middles should be defined in terms of genericity and modality. This paper shows that Massam's hypothesis is fa ctually untenable. Genericity and modality are only typical, not essential, properties of middles. Furthermore, middles in Massam's conception do not form a natural class with middles as normally understood. Rather, the prese nce of an implicit argument is a defining characteristic, as is widely acce pted. It is further shown that in order to handle an implicit argument properly, middles need to be represented by conceptual structure in the sense of Jack endoff (1987a, 1987b, 1990) The proposed analysis of middle by means of con ceptual structure accommodates even the implicit argument of middles that e xpress specific events.