This paper presents examples of analyses by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectr
ometry in art and archaeology, including pigments in paint layers and illum
inated manusripts, of iridescent glasses and of medieval coins. Theoretical
aspects of information depths and shielding effects in layered materials a
re discussed. Element maps were experimentally obtained by a specially desi
gned x-ray spectrometer (1 x 1 mm pixel resolution) and by electron-excited
XRF (electron microprobe). Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.