The plume of the Rhone (western Mediterranean) is studied with the hel
p of a three-dimensional ocean model using primitive equations. Partic
ular attention is paid to the wind forcing. Three simulations of reali
stic cases, using wind and river discharge measurements, are described
. Satellite observations of the plume make it possible to assess the q
uality of the numerical simulation in each case. The analysis of circu
lation enables an evaluation of the characteristic time scales of defo
rmations in the plume during changes in wind conditions and also highl
ights the high sensitivity of the plume to the surrounding circulation
, dominated by coastal currents associated with upwelling and downwell
ing motions induced by the northwest and southeast winds. (C) 1997 Els
evier Science Ltd.