Winter and summer outdoor light exposure in women with and without seasonal affective disorder

Background: The annual decrease of daylight duration initiates a depressive phase in patients with Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and light therap y treats it. How much bright light exposure in-winter and summer these pati ents actually receive may help understand the pathogenetic factors initiati ng SAD. Methods: During a week in winter and summer, women with and without SAD kept daily logs of the time spent outdoors, subjective sleep, and self -ratings of mood and alertness. Results: Compared with the winter depressiv e state, mood, alertness, and sleep of SAD patients improved in summer to c ontrol values,but did not correlate with the amount of light exposure. In s ummer, patients with SAD spent more time outdoors than controls. Limitation : Light logs - in comparison with light monitor measurements - may overesti mate light exposure outdoors. Conclusion: Women with SAD do not spend less time outdoors in winter than controls, but spend more time outdoors in summ er. Clinical Relevance: Patients with SAD show a high amplitude seasonal di fference in outdoor light exposure. The susceptibility to winter depression may arise not from behaviourally-related lack of sufficient light exposure , but an increased vulnerability to the amount of light received. They may require more light than controls to remain euthymic (higher light exposure in summer, light therapy in winter). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rig hts reserved.