In a previous study, we demonstrated that exhaustive exercise suppressed pe
ritoneal macrophage antigen presentation (AP). In this study, we explored t
he intracellular mechanism(s) responsible for this suppression. Pathogen-fr
ee male BALB/c mice (8 +/- 2 wk) were randomly assigned to either home cage
control (HCC) or exhaustive exercise stress (Exh, 18-30 m/min for 3 h/day)
treatment groups. The mice underwent treatments for a period of 4 days dur
ing induced peritoneal thioglycollate inflammation. Elicited macrophages we
re harvested, purified, and incubated with chicken ovalbumin (C-Ova, 2.5 an
d 10 mg/ml) for 18 h. After macrophages were washed, they were cocultured w
ith C-Ova-specific T cells for 48 h at which time the supernates were harve
sted and analyzed via ELISA for interleukin (IL)-2 as an indication of macr
ophage AP. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in macrophage AP
between cells fixed with paraformaldehyde vs. those that remained unfixed,
suggesting that Exh did not affect production of soluble factors influencin
g macrophage AP (i.e., IL-1, IL-4, PGE(2)). The ability of macrophages to g
enerate C-Ova immunogenic peptides was analyzed using FITC-labeled C-Ova, w
hich shows fluorescence only when degraded intracellularly. There was a sig
nificant (similar to 20%, P < 0.05) suppression in fluorescence in the Exh
compared with HCC, indicating a possible defect in the ability of macrophag
es from Exh to degrade C-Ova into immunogenic peptides. Macrophages were al
so incubated with C-Ova immunogenic peptide in a manner identical to that f
or native C-Ova. We found a similar suppression (similar to 22-38%, P < 0.0
5) in macrophage AP using a C-Ova peptide when compared with native C-Ova i
n the Exh group, indicating reduced major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
II loading and/or C-Ova-MHC II complex cell surface expression. In conclusi
on, these data indicate an intracellular defect in the macrophage antigen p
rocessing pathway induced by Exh.