Retention of subunits of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex in the endoplasmic reticulum

Membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may be localized to thi s organelle by mechanisms that involve retention, retrieval, or a combinati on of both. For luminal ER proteins, which contain a KDEL domain, and for t ype I transmembrane proteins carrying a dilysine motif, specific retrieval mechanisms have been identified. However, most ER membrane proteins do not contain easily identifiable retrieval motifs, ER localization information h as been found in cytoplasmic, transmembrane, or luminal domains. In this st udy, we have identified ER localization domains within the three type I tra nsmembrane proteins, ribophorin I (RI), ribophorin II (RII), and OST48. Tog ether with DAD1, these membrane proteins form an oligomeric complex that ha s oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) activity. We have previously shown that E R retention information is independently contained within the transmembrane and the cytoplasmic domain of RII, and in the case of RI, a truncated form consisting of the luminal domain was retained in the ER, To determine whet her other domains of RI carry additional retention information, we have gen erated chimeras by exchanging individual domains of the Tac antigen with th e corresponding ones of RI, We demonstrate here that only the luminal domai n of RI contains ER retention information. We also show that the dilysine m otif in OST48 functions as an ER localization motif because OST48 in which the two lysine residues are replaced by serine (OST48ss) is no longer retai ned in the ER and is found instead also at the plasma membrane. OST48ss is, however, retained in the ER when coexpressed with RI, RII, or chimeras, wh ich by themselves do not exit from the ER, indicating that they may form pa rtial oligomeric complexes by interacting with the luminal domain of OST48. In the case of the Tac chimera containing only the luminal domain of RII, which by itself exits from the ER and is rapidly degraded, it is retained i n the ER and becomes stabilized when coexpressed with OST48.